These characteristics emerged and crystallised primarily during the regions’ industrialisation, and the nationalist response to this advent of modernism would later shape the response to post-modern globalisation. Focusing on different path dependency, the development of a civic Catalan nationalism is contrasted with the growth of Basque nationalism as essentially ethnic. The main claim is that the differences between the two clubs’ behaviour can be attributed to varying characteristics of Basque and Catalan nationalism. The aim of the work is to compare the way two Spanish football clubs-the Catalan FC Barcelona (known as “Barça”) and the Basque Athletic Bilbao-respond to the challenges posed by the game's globalisation, and through this comparison learn about the nexus between nationalism and globalisation. This paper discusses the triangular relation between nationalism, globalisation and football in Spain. Additionally, the paper shows fans' order of preferences when it comes to Athletic Club victories, Spanish national team triumphs, and the success of their local teams. It explains why people cheer for an institution that apparently discriminates against them and their soccer players for not being Basque. This article aims to shed some light on the views non-Basque fans from Castilla y León have on Athletic's Basque-only philosophy. Besides, it hosts the largest number of peñas, fan clubs, outside of the Basque Country.

Castilla y León has traditionally had strong bonds with Bilbao due to the massive immigration that took place at the end of the 19 th century and in the second half of the 20 th.

It is the fi fth most followed team in Spain, and has fan associations worldwide. However, the club's signifi cance goes beyond the geographical limits of the Basque Country. Athletic Club plays a relevant role as an identity maker based on its policy highlighting the value for local talent in two ways: through territorialization, and its youth academy.

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